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Cellular Neurochemistry

The nervous system is made up of different cell populations. These diverse cells interact to create a functioning brain. Understanding this cellular diversity and how they relate to each other is one of the major challenges of modern neuroscience. The biochemical and molecular specialization of the nervous cells defines function at different developmental stages. In other words, the micro-anatomy of the brain provides the basis for its biochemical and molecular properties, which can vary depending on the age of the child. In this section you will find information about the major components of the nervous system and how they change during neurodevelopment and in relation with different neuropaediatric disorders.

-Neurons

-Glia

-Blood-brain barriers

24 posts published about Cellular neurochemistry

Disorders of cellular trafficking

April 13, 2022April 13, 2022 Júlia Ortega Cellular neurochemistry

Cellular trafficking is essential to maintain critical biological functions. Mutations in 346 genes, most of them described in the last 5 years, are associated with disorders of cellular trafficking. Whereas initially restricted to membrane trafficking, the recent detection of many diseases has contributed to the discovery of new biological pathways. Accordingly, this article propose […]

D-Serine dietary supplement as a therapeutic strategy against Rett-like severe encephalopathy: a case study

August 23, 2017August 22, 2017 Luca Maggioni Cellular neurochemistry, Neuropaediatric diseases and synapsis

Here we present the abstract from a recently published article on a Rett-like encephalopathy case study, with the participation of the scientific team of the Hospital Sant Joan de Déu.

New roles of microglia in brain pathophysiology

August 9, 2017August 8, 2017 Luca Maggioni Cellular neurochemistry, Intracellular signaling, Neuropaediatric diseases and synapsis

Microglia cells represent, depending on the species, from 5% to 20% of the glial cells in the adult brain. It is commonly accepted that microglia precursors originate in the yolk sac – as the tissue specific macrophages – although their identity has not been confirmed so far. Once the development of the blood-brain barrier is […]

Anti-inflammatory drugs can reverse synaptic defects

July 12, 2017July 10, 2017 Luca Maggioni Cellular neurochemistry, Neuropaediatric diseases and synapsis

Inflammation modifies risk and/or severity of a variety of brain diseases through still elusive molecular mechanisms. Tomasoni et al. (open access article available at https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5370184/) show that hyperactivation of the interleukin 1 pathway, through either removal of the interleukin 1 receptor 8 (IL-1R8,) or activation of IL-1R, leads to up-regulation of the mTOR pathway and […]

The diseases of the synaptic vesicles open the way to a new group of neurometabolic diseases

June 7, 2017June 7, 2017 Luca Maggioni Cellular neurochemistry, Intracellular signaling, Neurotransmitters, Synaptic metabolism

The Inborn Errors of Metabolism (IEM) have normally been considered as the result of errors at the genetic level affecting the biochemical pathways of small molecules such as the neurotransmitters glycine, glutamate, GABA, biogenic amines, etc. The altered concentration of such molecules in the Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) have always been used as a diagnostic biomarker […]

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